Glossary
Terms as used in the episode, in English and Arabic. The chapter where each term matters most is in brackets.
| Term | Arabic | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Algorithm | خوارزمية | A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem; named after al-Khwarizmi. (1) |
| Applied research | البحث التطبيقي | Research aimed at a practical use, not only at knowledge. (3) |
| Commercialisation | التسويق التجاري للأبحاث | Turning research or patents into products and revenue. (6, 7) |
| Commercialisation report | تقرير التسويق التجاري | A plan for taking a patent to market: route, roadmap, investment, team. (7) |
| Corporate venture building | بناء المشاريع المؤسسية | A company building new ventures in-house with a startup-style team. (7) |
| Deep tech | التقنية العميقة | Technology that rests on a scientific or engineering advance and needs research depth. (1) |
| Ensemble forecast | التنبؤ التجميعي | Many slightly different forecast runs whose spread shows uncertainty; standard in weather forecasting. (5) |
| ESG | الحوكمة البيئية والاجتماعية والمؤسسية | Environmental, social and governance criteria used to rate companies. (7) |
| Grace period | فترة السماح | In some countries, a short window after an inventor's own disclosure when they can still file a patent. (4) |
| Hijri calendar shift | انزياح التقويم الهجري | Ramadan and Eid move about 11 days earlier each Gregorian year. (5) |
| Inventory forecast | التنبؤ بالمخزون | Predicting stock and storage needs. (5) |
| Knowledge assets | الأصول المعرفية | Papers, patents, trade secrets, data and know-how a company owns. (3) |
| Licensing / royalties | الترخيص / حق الامتياز | Letting others use a patent in return for fees or a share per unit. (7) |
| Maintenance fees | رسوم الصيانة | Yearly fees to keep a patent in force. (7) |
| Patent | براءة اختراع | A time-limited right (about 20 years) to stop others using an invention, given in exchange for publishing how it works. (4) |
| Patentability | قابلية التسجيل كبراءة | Whether an invention is new, inventive and industrially useful. (4) |
| Prior art | حالة التقنية السابقة | Everything public before your filing date that could make your invention not new. (4) |
| Psychometric assessment | التقييم السيكومتري | A structured questionnaire that measures traits or abilities. (8) |
| RDIA | هيئة تنمية البحث والتطوير والابتكار | Saudi Arabia's Research, Development and Innovation Authority. (6) |
| Reorder point | نقطة إعادة الطلب | The stock level at which to reorder: lead-time demand plus safety stock. (5) |
| Safety stock | مخزون الأمان | Extra stock held to cover forecast uncertainty. (5) |
| Sales forecast | التنبؤ بالمبيعات | Predicting how much will sell, of what, where and when. (5) |
| Seasonality | الموسمية | Patterns that repeat on a calendar cycle. (5) |
| Spin-out | شركة منبثقة | A new company created around research or patents from a parent organisation. (7) |
| Sponsored research | الأبحاث المدعومة | Research funded by a company under contract, usually with rights to the results. (6) |
| Technology readiness level (TRL) | مستوى الجاهزية التقنية | A 1 to 9 scale from basic principles to proven in operation. (7) |
| Technology transfer | نقل التقنية | Moving research from universities into industry through licences and spin-outs. (6) |
| Thermography | التصوير الحراري | Imaging body heat to detect medical signs. (2) |
| Trade secret | سر تجاري | Valuable know-how kept confidential instead of patented. (4) |